Richard Serra's art in the 1980s is marked by significant contributions to the field of sculpture and public art, showcasing his pioneering use of industrial materials and large-scale installations. During this period, Serra's work continued to explore and challenge the traditional boundaries of sculpture, focusing on the relationship between the artwork, the site, and the viewer. His approach fundamentally altered the perception of sculpture, moving away from a solely visual experience to one that is physically engaging and immersive. One of the most emblematic works of this era is "Tilted Arc" (1981), a massive, site-specific steel sculpture installed in Federal Plaza, New York City. The sculpture became a focal point of controversy due to its imposing presence, which forced pedestrians to navigate around it, thereby altering the plaza's spatial dynamics. Serra intended "Tilted Arc" to redefine the environment and engage the public in a direct and participatory manner. However, the piece was met with opposition from local workers and residents, leading to a public debate over the role of public art, its relationship with its environment, and the rights of artists versus the community. This controversy culminated in a public hearing and the eventual removal and dismantling of the sculpture in 1989, raising questions about the ownership and fate of public artworks​ (The Art Story)​​ (Artsy)​​ (TheCollector)​. The 1980s also saw Serra continuing to refine his explorations of materiality, space, and the viewer's experience, principles that had guided his work in the previous decades. His installations from this period are characterized by their monumental scale and the use of Cor-Ten steel, which further enhanced the physical and psychological impact of his sculptures on the viewer. Despite the challenges and controversies, Serra's work during the 1980s solidified his reputation as a pivotal figure in contemporary art, pushing the limits of sculpture and public art and influencing future generations of artists​ (The Art Story)​​ (Artnet News)​​ (TheCollector)​. Serra's contributions during the 1980s, particularly the debate surrounding "Tilted Arc," significantly shaped the discourse around public art, challenging both artists and communities to reconsider the interactions between art, public spaces, and the everyday experiences of those who inhabit them.