Frank Stella's Protractor series, created between 1967 and 1971, represents a significant phase in his career, showcasing a bold departure from the minimalist aesthetic that had characterized his earlier work. This series includes nearly 100 paintings, which are based on the semi-circular shape of a protractor, introducing a playful yet sophisticated exploration of geometric forms and vibrant color palettes. The works are monumental in size and are distinguished by their rhythmic bands of color that form complex, interwoven patterns of semicircles and squares. These paintings express Stella's interest in architecture and are named after ancient Middle Eastern cities with circular plans, echoing architectural structures such as gates that surrounded them (Unframed).
"Protractor, Variation I," a notable work from this series, is an acrylic and graphite painting that spans 16 feet wide by 8 feet tall. The painting features rhythmic bands of color in the shape of a protractor, showcasing Stella's innovative approach to form and color. This piece, like others in the series, reflects Stella's continuous experimentation with new materials, abstract forms, and the blurring of distinctions between painting and sculpture. The Protractor series marked a creative turning point for Stella, as it represented his initial engagement with curvilinear compositions, moving away from the more austere linear motifs of his earlier works (Khan Academy).
The Protractor series also stands out for its technical and aesthetic complexity, blending Stella's interest in Henri Matisse's use of color with the geometric precision of the protractor, an instrument typically associated with mathematical and architectural drafting. This series, which includes 27 configurations, can be seen as a celebration of Islamic art and Orphism, with its vibrant use of color and form dominating any gallery space they inhabit. Stella's work during this period underscores his role as a primary decision-maker in the creation of his art, often employing assistants and technicians to help realize his vision, further emphasizing the scale and ambition of his projects (Ocula Art).
The Protractor series exemplifies Stella's relentless pursuit of new expressive possibilities within the medium of painting, challenging traditional boundaries and inviting viewers to engage with the visual and spatial complexities of his work. This body of work not only marks a pivotal moment in Stella's career but also continues to influence contemporary discussions around abstraction, form, and the intersection of art and architecture.
