Barnett Newman's "Zip" series is among his most recognized and influential works, marking a pivotal development in his artistic career and contributing significantly to the field of abstract expressionism. The term "zip" refers to the vertical lines that Newman employed in his paintings, which became his signature motif. These zips are not mere lines but are considered integral elements that shape the entire composition and convey profound philosophical and emotional meanings.

Newman introduced the concept of the zip in his painting "Onement I" in 1948. This painting features a single vertical stripe that divides the canvas, creating a stark contrast between the color fields on either side. The zip represents a moment of creation, a dividing and unifying force that gives the painting its structure and dynamism. For Newman, the zip was a way to express his ideas about individuality, the sublime, and the human condition. It is both a literal and metaphorical line, signifying separation and connection, division and unity.

The "Zip" series is characterized by its simplicity and boldness. Newman often used large canvases, creating an immersive experience for the viewer. The zips, sometimes painted in contrasting colors and sometimes in subtle hues, draw the viewer's eye and create a focal point that anchors the composition. This minimalist approach was radical at the time and distinguished Newman's work from the more gestural and chaotic styles of his contemporaries. His use of zips challenged traditional notions of composition and representation, pushing the boundaries of what abstract art could convey.

One of the most notable works in the series is "Vir Heroicus Sublimis" (1950-1951), which translates to "Man, Heroic and Sublime." This massive painting, over seven feet high and eighteen feet wide, features a vibrant red field interrupted by five zips of varying widths and colors. The scale and intensity of the color are meant to evoke a powerful emotional response, inviting viewers to confront the sublime directly. The zips serve as markers of space and time, guiding the viewer's perception and creating a sense of rhythm and movement across the canvas.

Newman's "Zip" series reflects his philosophical interests, particularly his engagement with existentialism and the sublime. He believed that art should convey a sense of awe and transcendence, and his zips were a way to achieve this. By stripping down his compositions to their essential elements, Newman aimed to create a direct and immediate impact on the viewer, encouraging a contemplative and introspective experience.

The influence of the "Zip" series extends beyond Newman's own work. It played a crucial role in the development of later minimalist and color field painting movements. Artists such as Donald Judd, Frank Stella, and Mark Rothko were influenced by Newman's emphasis on color, form, and spatial relationships. His exploration of the zip as a fundamental element of composition opened up new possibilities for abstract art, demonstrating that simplicity and restraint could produce profound and complex aesthetic experiences.

Barnett Newman's "Zip" series is a landmark in the history of modern art. Through his innovative use of vertical lines, Newman was able to convey deep philosophical and emotional ideas, challenging viewers to engage with his work on a profound level. The series not only solidified Newman's position as a leading figure in abstract expressionism but also paved the way for future artistic developments, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of contemporary art.

The Art Story: Barnett Newman

MoMA: Barnett Newman

Tate: Barnett Newman

The Metropolitan Museum of Art: Barnett Newman